The high content of ursolic acid is shiny prismatic (absolute ethanol) or fine-hair-like needle-like crystals (dilute ethanol), and the low content is brown-yellow or yellow-green powder. It has a special smell and is one of the natural plants. A five-ring triterpenoid compound. The melting point is 283～288℃. Specific optical rotation [α]D25 +67.5°(C=1, 1mol/L potassium hydroxide alcohol solution). At 15°C, 1 ml of ethanol (99%) can dissolve 10 mg, and 1 ml of boiling can dissolve 45 mg. It is still soluble in methanol, acetone, pyridine, but insoluble in water and petroleum ether.

The role of ursolic acid

Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid compound found in natural plants. It has a variety of biological effects such as sedation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, lowering blood sugar, etc. Ursolic acid also has obvious antioxidant function Therefore, it is widely used as a raw material for medicine and cosmetics.

1 Liver-protecting and anti-hepatitis effects

The clinical manifestations of ursolic acid can significantly and rapidly reduce alanine aminotransferase, serum aminotransferase, reduce jaundice, increase appetite, anti-fibrosis, and restore liver function. It has the characteristics of quick effect, short course of treatment and stable effect.

2 Anti-tumor effect

Ursolic acid is also resistant to a variety of carcinogens and carcinogens. Studies have found that ursolic acid can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and induce their apoptosis; it can significantly improve the phagocytic function of macrophages in mice. It can inhibit the proliferation of TSCCa cells of human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line, and the inhibitory amount for half of the growth of TSCCa cells is about 12.5μmol•L-1, which shows a certain dose-effect relationship within 24h; in situ hybridization shows that ursolic acid has an effect on TSCCa The inhibitory effect of cells is related to the inhibition of the in situ expression of nuclear transcription factors. 

In vivo experiments have proved that ursolic acid can significantly enhance the immune function of the body. It shows that ursolic acid has a wide range of anti-tumor effects, and ursolic acid is very likely to become a new type of low-toxicity and effective anti-cancer drug.

3 Antioxidant

Ursolic acid is a strong antioxidant. Experiments have shown that ursolic acid can inhibit the activities of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase during the metabolism of arachidonic acid, and prevent the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This may be because ursolic acid inhibits inflammation and inhibits lipid metabolism. The cause of oxide. Subbaramaiah and other studies have shown that ursolic acid can inhibit the transcription of cyclooxygenase in human breast epithelial cells, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin production.

4 Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral

Tapondjou et al. confirmed that ursolic acid and hydroxyursolic acid have similar anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects through acetic acid writhing experiment and hot plate experiment. Ursolic acid can respectively inhibit the production of superoxide induced by formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and arachidonic acid. When ursolic acid and fMLP were added to the cell culture medium, ursolic acid inhibited the 45 ku protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by fMLP in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid also has trypanicidal activity. After incubating for 2 h at a concentration of 2 g•L, the activity of the flagella of Trypanosoma cruzi is completely inhibited.

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